ArticleMembranes2026
Direct Graft Copolymerization of Cellulose Acetate Membrane with Bio-Based Itaconic Acid for Pollutant Removal from Wastewater.
Article in Membranes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cellulose acetate (CA) is a promising bio-derived membrane material for water treatment; however, its limited availability of active functional sites can restrict its affinity toward dissolved pollutants. In this study, a cellulose acetate membrane was fabricated by phase inversion and subsequently functionalized through novel direct graft copolymerization with bio-based itaconic acid (IA) using potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator in an aqueous medium. The grafting approach introduced carboxylic functional groups into the CA matrix, providing additional active sites for pollutant removal. The successful grafting was confirmed by UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy, while XRD indicated changes in the structural organization of the polymer matrix. SEM/EDS characterization further revealed morphological changes associated with grafting, and cross-sectional SEM showed the development of finger-like, continuous pore channels within the modified membrane. The effects of reaction time, IA concentration, and KPS concentration on the grafting percentage were systematically evaluated, with grafting increasing up to an optimum range before declining at excessive monomer or initiator concentrations. Thermal analysis demonstrated improved stability after grafting, with the 6.6% grafted CA-g-IA membrane exhibiting an initial decomposition temperature of 351 °C and a reduced weight loss of 85% at 500 °C, compared with 344 °C and 91%, respectively, for pristine CA. The 6.6% CA-g-IA membrane was subsequently evaluated for the removal of Cu(II) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Cu(II) uptake was strongly influenced by contact time, solution pH, initial concentration, and grafting percentage, with the highest performance observed around pH 6 and 240 min contact time. The membrane also maintained its Cu(II)-binding performance over four regeneration cycles following HNO
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.