Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42646162›Full record

ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026

Determination of the Properties of an Experimental Dental Composite with Addition of Hydroxyapatite with Varied Micro and Nano Particle Size: An Evaluation of Mechanical Properties, Ion Release, and Surface Characteristics.

Kacper Wiertelak-Makała, Joanna Nowak, Agata Szczesio-Włodarczyk, Piotr Wysocki, Aleksandra Zimon, Malgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik, Karolina Kopacz, Kinga Bociong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kacper Wiertelak-MakałaStudent Science Club "Materials in Dentistry", Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0001-8236-3395
Joanna NowakUniversity Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1865-9439
Agata Szczesio-WłodarczykUniversity Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9633-5096
Piotr WysockiInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 114, 90-543 Lodz, Poland.
Aleksandra ZimonInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 114, 90-543 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5531-3392
Malgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-JóźwikInstitute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 114, 90-543 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1959-3849
Karolina KopaczThe Faculty of Medical Sciences, Warsaw Medical Academy, Rydygiera 8 St., 01-043 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4156-6030
Kinga BociongDepartment of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1315-4370

Funding

Medical University of Lodz "Granty UMEDu" 2024 Edition
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While resin-based dental composites (RBCs) are widely recognized as the golden standard in restorative dentistry, there is a need for improvement in their properties, including their potential biofunctional behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hydroxyapatite (HA) filler on the mechanical properties and provide preliminary evidence of biofunctional potential of prepared experimental RBCs. The effects of two forms of HA filler, mHA (2.5 μm) and nHA (<200 nm), in three concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt.%) were tested in regard to hardness (HV), diametral tensile strength (DTS), flexural strength (TPB), flexural modulus, and calcium and phosphate ion release. Modification with HA improves the Vickers hardness and diametral tensile strength of RBCs, but has mixed effects on the flexural strength. The tested materials meet the minimum requirements for DTS and TPB for commercial composites, but their HV is closer to flowable materials. Calcium and phosphorus are detectable on the surface of HA-modified materials via SEM-EDS. There is also preliminary evidence of calcium and phosphate ion release in materials modified with HA, with the concentrations of 5 wt.% HA and above, providing the highest levels.

Indexed as

bioactive fillerbiomaterialdental resin-based compositehydroxyapatiteion releasemechanical properties

Identifiers

PMID42646162
PMCPMC13514529

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.