ArticleJournal of imaging2026
Relative-Height Image Generation from Long-Range Airborne Streak-Tube Imaging LiDAR for Wide-Area Building- Structure Mapping.
Article in Journal of imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Wide-area building-structure mapping from long-range airborne LiDAR requires image products that can represent building footprints, roof-height variations, and structural discontinuities with low computational latency. Airborne streak-tube imaging LiDAR (ASTIL) records a spatial-temporal echo image for each laser pulse, where the detector row corresponds to the fan-beam spatial angle, the detector column encodes echo arrival time, and the frame sequence represents the scanning process. This row-column-frame topology makes it possible to generate image-domain structural products directly from raw streak-tube echo sequences. In this paper, a relative-height image generation method is proposed for long-range ASTIL. The method constructs slant-range matrices from raw echo images, suppresses row-wise ground-related range trends, maps the residuals into relative-height values, and generates scan-geometry-calibrated swath-level relative-height images using lightweight calibration rather than rigorous point-wise POS/IMU trajectory reconstruction. Airborne experiments at 2 km, 3 km, and 6 km flight heights show that the proposed workflow can generate relative-height images with spatial sampling intervals of 0.30 m, 0.45 m, and 0.90 m, respectively, within a 0.5 s acquisition window. The generated cropped image products occupy less than 0.3% of the raw streak-image sequence volume, reflecting a compact image-domain representation for rapid preliminary mapping rather than lossless data compression. Building-scale comparisons with UAV LiDAR reference data indicate that the generated images preserve the main building footprints, boundary orientations, and roof-height discontinuities. For nine flat-roof targets, the mean absolute roof-to-ground height errors range from 0.24 m to 0.30 m across the three flight heights. These results suggest that ASTIL relative-height imaging can provide an efficient image-domain representation for wide-area building-structure mapping under long-range airborne observation conditions.
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