Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42645932›Full record

ReviewJournal of personalized medicine2026

Contemporary Challenges and Strategies for Diagnosing and Managing in Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review.

Julia Kościanek, Natalia Zabawa, Anna Stanaszek, Michał Maślanka, Hubert Mączka, Martyna Pniaczek, Aleksandra Bołoz, Jadwiga Nessler, Jarosław Zalewski, Konrad Stępień

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of personalized medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Julia KościanekStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4348-6106
Natalia ZabawaStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.
Anna StanaszekStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.
Michał MaślankaStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.
Hubert MączkaStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.
Martyna PniaczekStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.
Aleksandra BołozStudent Research Group, Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland.
Jadwiga NesslerDepartment of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, St. John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Kraków, Poland.
Jarosław ZalewskiDepartment of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, St. John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Kraków, Poland.
Konrad StępieńDepartment of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, St. John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Kraków, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5779-8434

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) occurs secondary to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, with systemic conditions serving as the primary precipitating factors. T2MI predominantly affects older adults and is frequently accompanied by multiple chronic comorbidities. Therefore, it often has an atypical clinical course and remains a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly given the lack of standardized clinical guidelines. Furthermore, the diagnosis of T2MI in women is especially challenging due to sex-related differences in biomarker kinetics and atypical symptom presentation. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on T2MI, discuss modern diagnostic tools, and analyze sex-related differences in this context in order to identify future directions for the development of therapeutic guidelines. The review emphasizes the need for a multimodal approach, integrating biomarkers, individualized clinical decision-making and advanced cardiac imaging, as differentiation between T2MI and T1MI remains a significant challenge. Therefore, both non-invasive and invasive diagnostic strategies may be required to accurately identify patients with T2MI. Although routine coronary angiography in T2MI is not clearly supported by current evidence, it may be useful as a decisive tool for reclassification, particularly when the clinical presentation is ambiguous.

Indexed as

clinical phenotypesindividualized clinical decision-makingtype 2 myocardial infarction

Identifiers

PMID42645932
PMCPMC13514624

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.