Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42645633›Full record

ReviewJournal of neuro-oncology2026

The intersection of chemokine signaling with the hallmarks of cancer in glioblastoma.

Rafal Chojak, Jillyn R Turunen, Noah B Drewes, Lara Koutah, Jawad Fares, Rebecca X Chen, Ruochen Du, Umme H Faisal, Hasaan A Kazi, Clare Kelley and 4 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rafal ChojakDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Jillyn R TurunenDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Noah B DrewesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Lara KoutahDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Jawad FaresDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Rebecca X ChenDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Ruochen DuDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Umme H FaisalDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Hasaan A KaziDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Clare KelleyDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Jason MiskaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Amy B HeimbergerDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Atique U AhmedDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Maciej S LesniakDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. maciej.lesniak@northwestern.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeGlioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, is characterized by diffuse invasion, profound immunosuppression, treatment resistance, and near-inevitable recurrence. Although canonical genetic alterations establish malignant capacity, they do not fully explain how glioblastoma cells adapt to hypoxic, perivascular, invasive, immunosuppressive, metabolically constrained, and treatment-injured microenvironments. We examined how chemokine signaling contributes to these adaptive behaviors.

methodsWe used the hallmarks of cancer as an organizing framework to synthesize preclinical, translational, and clinical evidence on chemokine circuits in glioblastoma. We evaluated recurrent mechanistic pathways, distinguished causal functions from context-dependent biomarker associations, and assessed their therapeutic relevance.

resultsChemokines act primarily as spatial and stress-responsive regulators rather than initiating oncogenic drivers. Recurrent circuits include CXCL12-CXCR4 in vascular repair, invasion, and stem-like persistence; CCL2 and CCL7 signaling through CCR2 in suppressive myeloid recruitment and metabolic-immune remodeling; CCL5-CCR5 in perivascular protection, invasion, and DNA-damage tolerance; and CXCL8 signaling through CXCR1 and CXCR2 in angiogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy-induced plasticity. Most chemokine-directed strategies remain preclinical or early translational.

conclusionTherapeutic development should prioritize biomarker-defined dependencies and appropriately timed combinations that disrupt selected chemokine-dependent interactions within specific biological and treatment contexts. Clinical translation will require verification of target engagement, disruption of the relevant cellular interactions, and evidence that chemokine modulation improves treatment response or delays recurrence.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsChemokinesGlioblastomaSignal TransductionAnimalsHumansTumor MicroenvironmentChemokinesCancer hallmarksChemokinesGlioblastomaImmunotherapyTherapeutic resistanceTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42645633
PMCPMC13518426

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.