Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42645547›Full record

ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026

Predictors of surgical site infection after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in a national administrative database.

Mitchell K Ng, Paul G Mastrokostas, Leonidas E Mastrokostas, Mohamed Said, Alejandro J Friedman, Rajendra Singh, Rohan Rajan, Ezekiel Kopilak, Jesse M Galina, Jad Bou Monsef and 12 more

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Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Mitchell K NgRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. mitchng77@gmail.com.
Paul G MastrokostasDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA. pmastrokostas06@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-517X
Leonidas E MastrokostasDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Mohamed SaidDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Alejandro J FriedmanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Rajendra SinghDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Rohan RajanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Ezekiel KopilakDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Jesse M GalinaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
Jad Bou MonsefDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, USA.
Afshin E RaziDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.
Daniel R FassettRothman Orthopaedic Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, USA.
Mark F KurdRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Zachary WiltRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Ian David KayeRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Jose A CansecoRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Thomas D ChaRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Alan S HilibrandRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Alexander R VaccaroRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Gregory D SchroederRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Christopher K KeplerRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
Andrew P AlvarezRothman Orthopaedic Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to identify independent predictors of 90-day surgical site infection (SSI) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

methodsA total of 283,947 adult patients who underwent single or multilevel ACDF between 2016 and 2023 were identified from the PearlDiver Mariner database. Demographics, comorbidities, and procedural extent were compared between patients with and without SSI. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of 90-day SSI. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

resultsThe overall 90-day SSI incidence was 1.3% (3,815/283,947), with rates of 1.2% after single-level and 1.4% after multilevel fusion. Multilevel surgery increased infection risk (OR 1.22, P < 0.001), while increasing age was associated with lower odds (OR 0.98 per year, P < 0.001). Independent predictors included diabetes (OR 1.22, P < 0.001), obesity (OR 1.52, P < 0.001), anemia (OR 1.76, P < 0.001), fluid/electrolyte disorders (OR 1.90, P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.28, P < 0.001), essential hypertension (OR 1.26, P < 0.001), depression (OR 1.42, P < 0.001), tobacco use (OR 1.14, P = 0.003), COPD (OR 1.08, P = 0.029), cardiac arrhythmias (OR 1.40, P < 0.001), coagulopathy/hemorrhagic disorders (OR 1.18, P < 0.001), coronary atherosclerosis (OR 1.14, P < 0.001), substance-related disorders (OR 1.28, P < 0.001), and liver disease (OR 1.13, P = 0.002).

conclusionsSSI after ACDF is rare but more likely among patients with high comorbidity burden and multilevel fusion.

Indexed as

Administrative claims databaseAnterior cervical discectomy and fusionComorbidity burdenMultilevel fusionRisk stratificationSurgical site infection

Identifiers

PMID42645547

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.