ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Ghassoul-Clay- and Oil-Loading-Induced Colloidal Gelation of Lavender Essential Oil Emulsified Systems.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Lavender essential oil is a promising bioactive ingredient, but its incorporation into aqueous formulations is limited by its low water solubility and high volatility. This work structured lavender oil-in-water emulsified systems through two approaches: Ghassoul clay incorporation and increased oil loading. The standard formulation containing 1.25 wt.% oil showed a narrow droplet size distribution, with a Sauter mean diameter of 114 nm, respectively, and Newtonian behavior with a viscosity of 0.97 mPa·s. Ghassoul addition did not significantly modify droplet size, but induced shear-thinning and gel-like behavior. Zero-shear viscosity increased from 2 Pa·s at 5 wt.% clay to 550 Pa·s at 20 wt.%, while 15-20 wt.% Ghassoul showed the highest resistance to clay sedimentation after 30 days. Increasing lavender oil concentration promoted droplet growth and broader size distributions. The 30 wt.% oil formulation exhibited the strongest droplet-mediated structure, with G' exceeding G″ and zero-shear viscosity reaching 156 Pa·s, whereas 40 wt.% oil weakened the network due to droplet coarsening and polydispersity. The results highlight the key role of clay-particle networking, droplet crowding, droplet-size distribution, and viscoelastic structuring in controlling gel-like behavior and physical stability, supporting the design of essential oil-based colloidal gels for topical, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic delivery applications.
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