Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42644922›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Bioinspired Cross-Linked Anionic Hydrogel Microparticles as Potential Adjuvants for Safe Vaccines: Colloidal-Chemical Characteristics, Morphology and Biological Properties.

Sebnem Ercelen Ceylan, Nataliya Mitina, Nataliya Finiuk, Bunyamin Bulkurcuoglu, Saygin San, Aise Rumeysa Mazi, Mariya Kozak, Oleh Izhyk, Iryna Petruh, Vasil M Garamus and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sebnem Ercelen CeylanDepartment of Biophysics, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Mah. Tıbbiye Cad.38, 34668 Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-4954-4637
Nataliya MitinaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera Str, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0002-9120-2091
Nataliya FiniukDepartment of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 16, Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0002-4112-8815
Bunyamin BulkurcuogluDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Health and Science University, Sütlüce Mah. İmrahor Cad.82, 34445 Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-5224-3878
Saygin SanDepartment of Biophysics, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Mah. Tıbbiye Cad.38, 34668 Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0009-0003-3885-3551
Aise Rumeysa MaziDepartment of Biophysics, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Selimiye Mah. Tıbbiye Cad.38, 34668 Istanbul, Türkiye.ORCID 0000-0002-3295-0591
Mariya KozakLaboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Biology NAAS Ukraine, 38, V. Stus str., 79034 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0002-2271-8529
Oleh IzhykDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera Str, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0003-2248-3771
Iryna PetruhLaboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Biology NAAS Ukraine, 38, V. Stus str., 79034 Lviv, Ukraine.
Vasil M GaramusHelmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9315-4188
Khrystyna HarhayDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera Str, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.
Roman NebesnyiDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera Str, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0003-0513-5783
Rostyslav StoikaDepartment of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 16, Drahomanov Str., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0001-5719-2187
Alexander ZaichenkoDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, Stepan Bandera Str, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.ORCID 0000-0002-7742-1984

Funding

North Atlantic Treaty Organization G6107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Novel anionic cross-linked hydrogel-based microparticles with controlled size, functionality, porosity, and morphology were synthesized via tailored precipitation polymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in the presence of dimethacrylate as a cross-linking agent. The resulting hydrogel microparticles (HG5), with a size of 250 ± 50 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.079, were readily dispersible in water and formed stable suspensions at physiological pH (7.2-7.4). Their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized using FT-IR, NMR, DLS, SAXS, TEM, and turbidimetry. HG5 efficiently incorporated albumin as a model antigen with a loading efficiency of 95%, forming stable hydrogel-protein complexes that maintained their hydrodynamic size and colloidal stability over one month of storage. Biological evaluation demonstrated low toxicity toward pseudonormal cell lines, with cell viability remaining above 50% at concentrations up to 5 mg/mL and no detectable apoptotic effects in HEK293 cells. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sensitive to HG5 exposure, exhibiting an IC

Indexed as

BSA immobilizationhydrogel microparticlesmodel vaccinestructure and colloidal-chemical characteristicstoxicity and immunogenic efficiency

Identifiers

PMID42644922
PMCPMC13511896

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.