ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Characterization of GelMA/HA Composite Microneedles for Potential Growth Hormone Transdermal Delivery.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
To overcome the limitations of repeated GH injection therapy, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) composite hydrogel microneedles were fabricated for potential non-invasive transdermal delivery of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and long-acting human growth hormone Fc fusion protein (hGH-Fc). All-atom molecular dynamics simulations combined with morphological, mechanical, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization were applied to screen optimal microneedle formulations, with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and Parafilm M penetration tests verifying physicochemical compatibility and insertion capability. MD simulations revealed that rhGH stabilized the matrix via hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, while hGH-Fc bound mainly through van der Waals forces. Through orthogonal screening of GelMA (5%, 10%, 15%) and HA (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%), the 10% GelMA with 0.5-2% HA was identified as the optimal range; the representative 10% GelMA/1% HA formulation exhibited a single-tip force exceeding 1.40 N and ~500 μm penetration in Parafilm M. This study offers a theoretical and technical basis for the design and optimization of hydrogel microneedle carriers for short- and long-acting GH delivery.
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