Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42644836›Full record

ArticleChemistry & biodiversity2026

Eco-Friendly Extraction and Valorization of Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud. Peel and Pulp: Optimization of Phenolic Recovery and Evaluation of Biological Activities.

Wala Ben Amor, Hajer Riguene, Wissal Ayouni, Sinine Choura, Mohamed Chamkha, Chaima Mouffouk, Soumia Mouffouk, Hamada Haba, Ridha Ben Salem, Ghayth Rigane

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Chemistry & biodiversity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wala Ben AmorOrganic Chemistry Laboratory LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Chemistry Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Hajer RigueneOrganic Chemistry Laboratory LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Chemistry Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-1893
Wissal AyouniOrganic Chemistry Laboratory LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Chemistry Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Sinine ChouraLaboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Mohamed ChamkhaLaboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Chaima MouffoukDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Batna 2 Mustapha Benboulaid, Batna, Algeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1436-8685
Soumia MouffoukLaboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (LCCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Matter Sciences, University of Batna 1, Batna, Algeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-4093
Hamada HabaLaboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry (LCCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Matter Sciences, University of Batna 1, Batna, Algeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-5007
Ridha Ben SalemOrganic Chemistry Laboratory LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Chemistry Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-351X
Ghayth RiganeOrganic Chemistry Laboratory LR17ES08, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Chemistry Department, University of Sfax, Tunisia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-7206

Funding

Doctoral School of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study focused on optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction process for both the peel and pulp of Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud. grown in Tunisia, using response surface methodology. The optimization targeted total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, as well as antioxidant activities evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays. A central composite design was employed to investigate the influence of three key parameters: extraction time, extraction temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters were set as follows: extraction time ranging from 6.59 to 23 min, ultrasound temperature from 33.18°C to 66.81°C, and liquid-to-solid ratio from 13.18 to 46.81 mL/g. The optimal parameters for pulp extraction were determined to be a 15.76-min extraction time, a temperature of 50.50°C, and a solvent-to-solid ratio of 30.54 mL/g. High-performance liquid chromatography quantification identified gallic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids as the main phenolic compounds, and the corresponding extracts exhibited potent, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This study highlights a sustainable and eco-friendly process that supports the circular economy and offers a promising approach for the industrial production of antioxidant-rich Cucumis metuliferus extracts.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsCucumisPhenolsPlant ExtractsBiphenyl CompoundsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidFruitMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPicratesTemperature1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazylAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsBiphenyl CompoundsPhenolsPicratesPlant Extractsantimicrobialantioxidantcaffeic acidcentral composite designchemistrychlorogenic acidindustrial productionresponse surface methodology

Identifiers

PMID42644836
PMCPMC13510108

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.