ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2026
Engineering Antivenom: Research Progress and Future Directions in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy.
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming remains a major neglected tropical disease, causing substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. While plasma-derived antivenoms have been the mainstay of treatment for over a century, they present important limitations related to safety, efficacy, specificity, scalability, and accessibility. Recent advances in biotechnology, venom and toxin characterization, and antibody engineering have enabled the development of new types of envenoming therapeutics, including recombinant antivenoms based on monoclonal antibodies and nanobody-based formats, as well as small-molecule inhibitors. These approaches are supported by advances in toxicovenomics, structural biology, and diagnostic technologies, which together facilitate a more rational, toxin-centric design paradigm. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of novel types of antivenom therapy, highlighting key design principles, emerging therapeutic modalities, and enabling technologies. Current challenges related to efficacy, breadth of coverage, manufacturability, and clinical translation are discussed, along with future perspectives for the development of safe, effective, and accessible treatments for snakebite envenoming.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.