ArticleAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026
Four-Dimensional Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy Enables Depth-Resolved Imaging of Single, Living Spheroids.
Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems called spheroids have emerged as a valuable alternative to traditional two-dimensional cell cultures due to their ability to closely mimic the complexity of in vivo environments. In this study we propose a hybrid "confocal" electrochemiluminescence (ECL) approach that harnesses the optical sectioning ability of confocal microscopy and the high spatial resolution of ECL, overcoming the surface-confinement barrier of conventional ECL and enabling depth-resolved mapping of living spheroids up to 150 µm from the electrode while resolving the temporal evolution of ECL. By exploiting the sluggish heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetics of the 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol coreactant at ITO electrodes, homogeneous redox events driven by the sequential oxidation of [Ru(bpy)
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