ArticleThe Journal of school health2026
Why Do Victimized Youth Feel Lonely? Cognitive Flexibility as a Mediator and Social Support as a Contextual Moderator.
Article in The Journal of school health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGuided by the cognitive-behavioral model of loneliness and the healthy context paradox, we tested whether cognitive flexibility mediates the link between peer victimization and loneliness in adolescents and whether social support moderates this pathway.
methodsUsing a two-wave, short-term prospective design, we followed 833 Chinese first-year junior middle school students (M
resultsT1 peer victimization predicted lower cognitive flexibility, which in turn predicted higher T2 loneliness, supporting mediation. Social support moderated these associations: the indirect effect was significant only under high support; victimization was negatively associated with cognitive flexibility only when support was high. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Cognitive flexibility may represent one modest and potentially modifiable cognitive process to be examined in future school-based prevention and intervention research. Findings caution against assuming uniform benefits of global support. Schools should combine anti-bullying efforts with skills for flexible thinking and tailor supports to avoid inadvertent harm, ensuring equitable access.
conclusionsCognitive flexibility partially mediated victimization's effect on loneliness. Unexpectedly, high social support amplified adverse effects, underscoring nuanced, context-sensitive school strategies.
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