ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2026
Phenotypic resistance to life-saving antimicrobials in Gram-positive bacteria isolated from wild birds in Northern Italy: a One Health surveillance perspective.
Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge, and wild birds are recognized as sentinels of environmental AMR circulation at the human-animal-environment interface. This study investigated the phenotypic profiles of AMR in Gram-positive bacteria from wild avifauna in Lombardy, Northern Italy, focusing on resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs) for human medicine. In total, 205 wild birds admitted to a wildlife rescue center were sampled (2024-2025). Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and characterized by disk diffusion susceptibility testing following validated international breakpoints; supplementary phenotypic tests were applied for vancomycin susceptibility (MIC strips), methicillin-resistance (MR; cefoxitin disk), high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR; gentamicin disk), and beta-lactamase production (penicillin G morphology and nitrocefin test). Among 469 total isolates, 188 (40.1%) were Gram-positive, predominantly Lactobacillales (95.2%), with
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