ArticleCureus2026
Evaluation of Depression in Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDepression is a common psychiatric disorder frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and negatively impacts quality of life and disease outcomes.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the frequency and severity of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)-screened clinically significant depressive symptoms among adults with T2DM and non-diabetic adults. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from August 2025 to April 2026. A total of 114 participants were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling and divided equally into T2DM (n = 57) and control (n = 57) groups. Depression was assessed using the PHQ-9 questionnaire, with a score ≥10 indicating clinically significant depression. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used to analyze the data, and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables.
resultsDepression was significantly higher in the T2DM group compared to controls. In diabetic patients, 61.40% (n = 35) were depressed, while 38.60% (n = 22) were not depressed. In the control group, 33.33% (n = 19) were depressed, and 66.67% (n = 38) were not depressed (p = 0.003). Depression was more frequent in participants aged 46-50 years and showed significant associations with gender and duration of diabetes. However, no significant difference was observed in depression severity distribution between the two groups.
conclusionDepression is significantly more prevalent among patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic individuals.
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