ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare interstitial lung disease. While autoimmunity is the leading cause of PAP in adults, the majority of pediatric cases occur secondary to immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections. Secondary PAP associated with CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency is extremely rare, and the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Case presentation: We report the case of a 4-month-old boy admitted due to failure to thrive and severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest computed tomography demonstrated diffuse ground-glass opacities with interlobular septal thickening. Bronchoalveolar lavage yielded clear fluid containing Periodic acid-Schiff-positive material consistent with PAP, and polymerase chain reaction was positive for Conclusions: Early-onset PAP associated with
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