ArticleCureus2026
Effectiveness of I-Exercises: A Comprehensive Ocular Exercise Protocol for Reducing Ocular Fatigue Among Students With Myopia in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background The prevalence of ocular fatigue associated with prolonged digital device use and sustained near-vision tasks is increasing among students with myopia. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of structured ocular exercise programs remains limited. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a Comprehensive Ocular Exercise Module (I-Exercises) in reducing ocular fatigue symptoms among students with myopia. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 40 participants aged 18-25 years with myopia. Participants were randomly allocated using a computer-generated sequence to an experimental group (n = 20) that received I-Exercises or a control group (n = 20) that received no intervention. Participants in the experimental group performed supervised ocular exercises five times per week for three weeks. Ocular fatigue was assessed before and after the intervention using a 12-item ocular fatigue questionnaire adapted from a previously published instrument. Each symptom was scored independently from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater severity. Results Participants receiving I-Exercises demonstrated significant improvement in several ocular fatigue symptoms compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Significant between-group improvements were observed in tired eyes, sore/aching eyes, irritated eyes, watery eyes, eyestrain, blurred vision, difficulty focusing, and visual discomfort, whereas red eyes, dry eyes, hot/burning eyes, and double vision did not show statistically significant between-group differences. Conclusion The I-Exercises Module may help reduce selected ocular fatigue symptoms among students with myopia and may serve as a non-invasive approach for reducing symptoms associated with prolonged near-vision tasks. These findings should be interpreted as preliminary given the small sample size, short intervention period, and exploratory nature of the individual symptom-level analyses.
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