ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Phenotypic characterization of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in visceral leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T lymphocytes with innate-like antimicrobial responsiveness. Despite their recognized role in bacterial and viral infections, their involvement in protozoal diseases, particularly visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV co-infection, remains poorly understood. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated the immunophenotypic profile of circulating MAIT cells in visceral leishmaniasis patients (VL, n = 8), VL-HIV co-infection patients (VL-HIV, n = 10), VL-HIV coinfected patients under liposomal amphotericin B prophylactic treatment (VL-HIV Results: MAIT cell frequencies were significantly reduced in VL and VL-HIV, predominantly affecting the CD8 Discussion: Together, VL and VL-HIV co-infection are associated with quantitative depletion and qualitative dysregulation of circulating MAIT cells, characterized by concurrent hyperactivation and exhaustion, coupled with immunological network fragmentation, while liposomal amphotericin B treatment appears to promote partial immunological reorganization.
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