ArticleInternational journal of nephrology and renovascular disease2026
Cardiovascular Mortality and Its Risk Factors in Patients on Twice-Weekly Maintenance Hemodialysis: An 18-Month Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Center in Indonesia.
Article in International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) face cardiovascular mortality far exceeding that of the general population, yet the evidence on risk factors comes overwhelmingly from thrice-weekly cohorts. In Indonesia and many low- and middle-income countries, twice-weekly hemodialysis is the standard regimen funded by national insurance, and the risk factor profile of this underdialysed population has received little attention. Objective: To identify independent risk factors for cardiovascular mortality among Indonesian adults receiving twice-weekly MHD. Methods: We analysed the complete eligible population of 162 adults receiving twice-weekly MHD (8-10 hours/week) at a tertiary center in Bandung, followed for 18 months (May 2018-November 2019). Baseline variables were drawn from the unit's REDCap database. Severe hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin ≤3.0 g/dL. Seven variables with bivariate p<0.25 entered modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRR); dialysis vintage was entered in addition on clinical grounds. Model stability was assessed across progressively more parsimonious specifications. Results: Mean age was 49.7 ± 14.2 years, 47% were men, and cardiovascular events accounted for 92.1% of the 38 deaths. Eighteen-month cardiovascular mortality was 21.6% (35/162); 1-year survival was 80.7%. Six factors were independently associated with cardiovascular death: age >60 years (aRR 3.15, 95% CI 1.65-6.02), Kt/V <1.8 (aRR 2.52, 95% CI 1.35-4.69), diabetic kidney disease (aRR 2.05, 95% CI 1.16-3.63), hyperphosphatemia (aRR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12-3.35), abnormal serum potassium (aRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.09-3.34), and dialysis vintage >60 months (aRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01-2.81). Age and Kt/V remained significant across all model specifications. Serum albumin discriminated poorly (AUC 0.587); the ≤3.0 g/dL cutoff is reported as exploratory. Conclusion: Older age, inadequate dialysis dose, diabetic etiology, hyperphosphatemia, dyskalemia, and prolonged vintage were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality, with age and dialysis dose the most robust. The findings argue for closer attention to dialysis adequacy and mineral metabolism in reduced-frequency programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.