ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Only a few positive post-intervention values in fitness measures after structured and semi-structured school-based physical activity interventions.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to compare changes in 9-11 years old Italian children for fitness outcomes, following a structured multicomponent intervention, The Daily Mile, and usual school physical education lessons (i.e., control group). Before and after three different 6-month weekly PAIs (2 h of structured physical workouts, with a sport science expert; 4 units of The Daily Mile + 1 h of physical activity with the generalist teacher; control group, 2 h of physical activity with the generalist teacher), 263 children were anthropometrically measured (stature, body mass), and evaluated by means of physical tests regarding sprint (20 m-sprint), endurance (shuttle-run), balance (single-leg-stance), dominant upper-limb strength (handgrip), lower-limbs muscle power (standing-long-jump), and flexibility (sit-and-reach) physical fitness qualities. To distinguish active and non-active children, participants filled the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children - Italian version (PAQ-C-it) at PRE. Post-intervention outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (with PRE values, age and PRE-POST ΔBMI as covariates). For standing long jump, the structured PAI determined higher post-intervention values than the control group (estimated difference = 18.55 ± 4.6 cm,
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