The Reverse Risk Register Approach to Understanding Systemic Factors in Risk Analysis and Management Case Studies.

Although recent developments have improved clarity on the characteristics of high-quality risk science, there is recognition that many of those characteristics relate to specific tasks taken by the risk analyst. However, the effectiveness of risk analysis and management often relies on both internal risk team activities and other external systemic factors. This article leverages reports on past risk events to develop new knowledge on systemic factors that have frequently appeared in connection with major risk events, including whistleblower dynamics, lack of accountability, financial aspects, corruption or fraudulent behavior, scientific disagreement, and political influence and lobbying. Such factors are not typically addressed in existing risk study quality indicators or in training and professional expectations for risk analysts. We explore this issue by introducing the reverse risk register concept to study the role of those factors in past risk events. We utilize the analysis presented in this article to support several areas for risk analyst training and guidance. The findings of this article suggest that although these systemic factors are not typically within the risk analyst's professional responsibilities, awareness and standardized thinking about these areas will improve the risk analyst's perspective within their professional duties. The findings can also help risk analysts, decision-makers, and managers consider whether such factors are present in their organizations and how their presence might influence the risk management process or the risk itself. This article will be of interest to risk analysts, industry professionals, and policymakers.