Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42642794›Full record

SynthesisGeriatrics & gerontology international2026

Impact of Frailty on Activities of Daily Living in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tomohiko Kamo, Ryoma Asahi, Yasuko Inaba, Isao Uno, Naoto Kamide, Masato Azami, Hirofumi Ogihara, Shota Hayashi, Takeshi Kera

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Geriatrics & gerontology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tomohiko KamoDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-8393
Ryoma AsahiDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7475-795X
Yasuko InabaDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0528-6699
Isao UnoSchool of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-5877
Naoto KamideRehabilitation Medicine, Sakura Juji Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-1015
Masato AzamiDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Japan University of Health Sciences, Saitama, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-9237
Hirofumi OgiharaDepartment of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano, Japan.
Shota HayashiDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-4093
Takeshi KeraDepartment of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-0188

Funding

Japanese Physical Therapy Association YB010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo determine whether frailty is associated with activities of daily living (ADL) and other clinical outcomes in hospitalized older adults.

methodsMEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL were searched for English-language cohort studies published from 1 January 2001 to 23 October 2025. Eligible studies included hospitalized adults aged ≥ 65 years (or samples with ≥ 80% aged ≥ 65 years), used a defined frailty measure and compared frail with non-frail participants. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Random-effects meta-analyses generated standardized mean differences (SMDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsFifty-seven cohort studies were included. Frailty was associated with worse ADL status (SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.89 to -0.20), higher mortality (RR 2.26, 95% CI 1.86-2.76), lower likelihood of discharge home (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.86), and higher 30-day (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13-1.90) and 90-day readmission risks (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.86). Pneumonia risk was not statistically significant. Heterogeneity was substantial to considerable for all pooled outcomes.

conclusionsFrailty identifies hospitalized older adults at increased risk of functional dependence, mortality, non-home discharge, and readmission. Substantial heterogeneity and residual confounding warrant cautious interpretation and support standardized frailty and functional-outcome assessment.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingFrail ElderlyFrailtyHospitalizationAgedAged, 80 and overGeriatric AssessmentHumansactivities of daily livingfrailtyhospitalizationolder adultssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42642794
PMCPMC13507372

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.