ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Attitudes Regarding Unionization Among US Graduate Medical Trainees and Practicing Physicians.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundUnionization among US physicians remains controversial, but interest in unionizing has increased in recent years. How attitudes regarding unionization differ between trainees and practicing physicians and across demographics is not well understood.
objectiveTo explore attitudes regarding unionization across individual characteristics, including career stage, gender, specialty, practice setting, and current union membership status. DESIGN AND
participantsCross-sectional surveys of US residents, fellows, and practicing physicians conducted between November 30, 2023, and March 3, 2024. Data analysis was performed in August 2025. MAIN MEASURES: Attitudes regarding unionization and associated professional, health system, and patient care outcomes as well as alignment with professional values were assessed on 5-point Likert scales using items adapted from the Pew Research Center and published literature. Surveys also included items on standard demographics, specialty, and current union membership status. KEY
resultsAmong respondents, trainees were more likely than practicing physicians to hold a favorable attitude regarding union membership (1767/2468, 71.6% vs. 1499/3011, 49.8%; P < 0.001). In the multivariable model adjusted for demographic differences in age, gender, relationship status, work hours, and specialty, trainees remained more likely to report a more favorable attitude regarding physician union membership (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.12-1.58, P = 0.001). In addition, trainees and practicing physicians who were current members of a union or similar labor organization were more likely to report a more favorable attitude regarding physician union membership (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.87-2.73, P < 0.001). Younger physicians held more favorable attitudes regarding union membership, unionization outcomes, and alignment of unionization with professional values.
conclusionsIn this cross-sectional study of 5479 US trainees and practicing physicians, a majority of trainees and approximately half of practicing physicians reported favorable attitudes regarding unionization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.