ArticleZhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery2026
[Protective effects and underlying mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury].
Article in Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To compare the characteristic differences between apoptotic extracellular vesicle (ApoEV) and non-apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicle (NCEV) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and to explore their therapeutic effects on inflammatory macrophages and cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. Methods: Staurosporine (STS) was used to induce apoptosis in BMSCs, and the apoptotic model was verified by cell morphology observation, Annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining flow cytometry, and Western blot. NCEV and ApoEV were isolated via differential centrifugation combined with ultracentrifugation, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. The particle yield and protein yield of extracellular vesicles (EV) per unit donor cell were compared between the two groups. EVs were labeled with DiD, and the uptake of EV by RAW264.7 macrophages was detected using laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied to stimulate RAW264.7 cells to establish an Results: After STS treatment, BMSCs exhibited typical apoptotic morphology with increased early and late apoptotic rates, alongside upregulated expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Both NCEV and ApoEV presented spherical or quasi-spherical structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, with similar particle sizes and Zeta potentials. Bax and tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein were detected in both vesicles, while Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax were detectable in ApoEV. The particle yield and protein yield of ApoEV were (5.626±0.302)-fold and (2.972±0.124)-fold higher than those of NCEV, respectively ( Conclusion: ApoEV possess higher production yield, enhanced macrophage uptake capacity and superior anti-inflammatory regulatory activity compared with NCEV. Both ApoEV and NCEV can alleviate renal injury in cisplatin-induced AKI, providing experimental evidence supporting the translational application of ApoEV for AKI treatment.
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