ArticleBiological trace element research2026
Seasonal Dynamics of Trace Element Contamination in Chashma Lake: Distribution in Water and Sediment, Bioaccumulation in Labeo rohita and Wallago attu, and Human Health Risk Assessment.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Trace element contamination in aquatic ecosystems is an increasing environmental and public health concern. This study examines the concentrations of trace elements of Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn and Se in Chashma Lake water, sediment, and two fish species, Labeo rohita and Wallago attu, across seasons. Sampling was conducted from June 2023 to May 2024, and trace element concentrations were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All trace elements exceeded WHO limits in water. Sediment Pb, Cu, and Cr exceeded NOAA TELs, and Se exceeded the USEPA guideline. Only Mn and Co (L. rohita) met fish safety limits. Seasonal variations showed Pb, Cr, and Co higher in summer. Temperature was positively correlated with Pb and Cr concentrations in water, and with Pb, Cu, and Co concentrations in sediment. L. rohita showed slight decreases with increasing temperature in Cu and Co, while W. attu showed minimal variation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis indicated seasonal shifts in contamination sources, with L. rohita more linked to water in summer and W. attu consistently associated with sediment. Hazard Index (HI) values suggested low risk for L. rohita (HI = 0.82) but potential health concerns for W. attu (HI = 1.20). Although Se exhibited high contamination, as indicated by the geoaccumulation index (Igeo = 3.27) and contamination factor (CF = 14.54), the overall Pollution Load Index (PLI = 0.18) suggested low composite sediment pollution across all analyzed trace elements. These findings demonstrate significant seasonal variation in trace element contamination, with temperature-associated changes influencing their distribution among water, sediment and fish. The elevated hazard index for W. attu indicates potential human health concerns and underscores the need for continuous monitoring and effective pollution management in Chashma Lake.
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