ArticleInfection2026
Emerging epidemiology of invasive group a Streptococcus in tropical Australia: a 21-year population-based data linkage study.
Article in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeInvasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) is an important cause of severe bacterial infection with increasing incidence and substantial socioeconomic disparities. This study quantified long-term trends, spatial distribution, and determinants of iGAS incidence in Northern Queensland, Australia.
methodsA population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked hospital data linkage from 2000-2020. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years and temporal trends were assessed. Spatial clustering was evaluated using Moran's I statistic for spatial autocorrelation. Determinants of incidence were examined using a negative binomial generalized additive model (GAM).
resultsA total of 933 iGAS events were identified among 870 individuals. Incidence increased substantially over time, with the highest rates observed among older adults and a secondary peak among infants. Age-standardised incidence was approximately nine-fold higher among Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous populations for both males and females. Spatial analysis demonstrated significant clustering of incidence (Moran's I = 0.19, p < 0.001), with the greatest burden occurring in remote and very remote regions. In multivariable analysis, Indigenous status (IRR = 8.97, p < 0.001) and male sex (IRR = 1.28, p < 0.001) were independently associated with higher incidence. Smooth terms showed significant nonlinear effects of age (edf = 7.45, p < 0.001) and calendar year (edf = 8.04, p < 0.001), indicating heterogeneous age patterns and temporal acceleration in incidence.
conclusioniGAS incidence in Northern Queensland increased markedly over two decades and was characterised by pronounced geographic and Indigenous health inequities, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies in high-risk populations and regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42640405What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.