ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Continuous assessment of the sweat rate-lactate content association during acetylcholine-induced sweating: an exploratory study.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeSweat contains lactate; however, the sweat rate-sweat lactate content dynamic association remains unclear. We investigated the pattern of this association using a newly developed continuous measurement system under pharmacological cholinergic stimulation, across habitually-trained and untrained individuals.
methodsThirty healthy young adults (habitually trained, 15; untrained, 15) underwent 10% acetylcholine iontophoresis at two forearm sites, generating an initially high sweat rate followed by a gradual decline over 40 min. Sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and sweat lactate content (phosphate-buffered saline-perfused microfluidic lactate measurement system) were continuously measured. The sweat rate-sweat lactate content association was characterized using either simple or segmented linear regression, and the better-fitting model was identified.
resultsSegmented linear regression provided a better fit in 27 participants (trained, 13; untrained, 14). Among these participants, 20 (trained, 9; untrained, 11) demonstrated an inflection point where sweat lactate content more steeply increased once a sweat rate exceeded a certain level. This breakpoint occurred at a higher sweat rate in trained than that in untrained individuals (0.47 ± 0.18 vs. 0.26 ± 0.15 mg·cm
conclusionThese findings suggest that the sweat rate-sweat lactate content association can demonstrate nonlinear characteristics during cholinergic sweating. Among individuals exhibiting an increase-type breakpoint, trained participants demonstrated this breakpoint at a higher sweat rate. However, the physiological meaning of this breakpoint remains unclear.
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