ArticleCalcified tissue international2026
Improvement of Bone Healing by Combined Treatment with Selective Androgen and Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Female and Male Rats.
Article in Calcified tissue international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With age, both men and women experience a decline of sex-hormones and impaired bone repair. This study examined whether bone healing could be improved by combined treatment with the selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators ostarine (Ost) and raloxifene (Ral), and compared its efficacy with monotherapy in female and male rat models. Three‑month‑old female (Experiment 1, n = 15/group) and 8‑month‑old male (Experiment 2, n = 15/group) Sprague-Dawley rats were either intact (healthy control) or ovariectomized/orchiectomized (Ovx/Orx). Ovx/Orx rats received daily either no treatment, Ost, Ral, or combined Ost + Ral at the respective monotherapy doses. Eight weeks after Ovx or 12 weeks after Orx, rats underwent bilateral metaphyseal osteotomy of the tibia with plate fixation. Healing was assessed five in females or 6 weeks in males later by micro‑CT, biomechanics, and histology. Increased total, callus, and cortical densities as well as bone volume fraction were observed in the Ost + Ral group, accompanied by reduced callus volume and surface area, indicating advanced healing. The effect of Ost + Ral was stronger than that of Ral, whereas Ost alone did not alter bone parameters. Biomechanical properties were improved in the Ral and Ost + Ral groups relative to Ovx/Orx controls. Uterus weight was lowest in Ovx and Ovx + Ral groups and enhanced by Ost and Ost + Ral. Prostate weight was lowest in Orx and Orx + Ral rats and increased by Ost. The combination with Ral reduced the androgenic effect of Ost on prostate. Combined treatment may represent a promising approach for osteoporotic bone repair in both sexes, though potential side effects of Ost require consideration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.