ArticleFrontiers in artificial intelligence2026
Fear-driven predator-prey dynamics with prey refuge: analytical framework and physics-informed neural network approach.
Article in Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ecological communities are governed not only by direct consumption but also by indirect behavioral responses triggered by perceived predation risk. Predator-induced fear substantially suppresses prey reproductive output and foraging efficiency even when lethal predation is absent, a mechanism documented across a wide range of taxa including songbirds, ungulates, and marine invertebrates. Motivated by this observation, we formulate a deterministic two-species model that simultaneously incorporates fear-mediated prey growth reduction, partial prey refuge, density-dependent intraspecific regulation, and predator self-interference. The proposed model is distinguished from existing fear-refuge frameworks by jointly embedding four ecological mechanisms within a single functional-response denominator 1 +
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