ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Long-term intranasal corticosteroids vs. antihistamines and bone health in post-menopausal women with allergic rhinitis: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis (AR), but their long-term skeletal safety in post-menopausal women-who are inherently vulnerable to bone loss-remains inadequately studied despite low systemic bioavailability. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 691 post-menopausal women with persistent AR treated from 2015 to 2023. Participants were categorized into INCS ( Results: Over a median follow-up of 4.2 years, INCS users exhibited significantly greater declines in lumbar spine Conclusions: Long-term INCS use in post-menopausal women was associated with accelerated bone loss, increased osteoporosis risk, and higher fracture rates in a dose-dependent manner. These findings raise concerns regarding the assumption of complete INCS skeletal safety in post-menopausal women and suggest the need for enhanced bone monitoring in this population.
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