Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42638973›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Real-world comparative evaluation of immune-related toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in Greece and Sweden.

Andreas V Koulouris, Ioannis P Trontzas, Ioannis A Vathiotis, Maria Effrosyni Livanou, Marcus Skribek, Emmanouil Panagiotou, Athanasios Trimis, Simon Ekman, Georgios Tsakonas, Konstantinos N Syrigos

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Andreas V KoulourisMedical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ioannis P Trontzas *Medical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Ioannis A VathiotisMedical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Maria Effrosyni LivanouMedical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Marcus SkribekDepartment of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Emmanouil PanagiotouMedical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Athanasios TrimisMedical Oncology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Simon EkmanDepartment of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Georgios Tsakonas *Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Konstantinos N Syrigos *Third Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital of Respiratory Diseases; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are common complications of immunotherapy, yet real-world evidence on how irAE patterns vary across patients from different geoenvironmental or genetic backgrounds remains limited. Observed differences in autoimmune disease prevalence across European regions motivated an exploratory comparison of irAEs in two large ICI-treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohorts. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of two independently assembled cohorts of consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immunotherapy at specialized thoracic oncology departments in Southern Europe (Sotiria Thoracic Diseases Hospital of Athens, Greece; 2014-2023) and Northern Europe (Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; 2015-2022). Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and irAEs (CTCAE v5.0) were harmonized into a unified dataset. Descriptive statistics were reported and compared between the two cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the independent association between cohort and (i) any irAE, (ii) multiple irAEs, and (iii) grade≥3 irAEs. Results: Of 1,331 included patients (653 Greek, 678 Swedish), treatment patterns were largely similar. Overall, irAE incidence did not differ significantly, nor did the rate of multiple irAEs. However, hepatitis and nephritis were more common in the Swedish population (11.4% vs. 5.7%, Conclusion: In this bi-national cohort, overall and multisystem irAE rates were similar, but severe and selected organ-specific toxicities were more frequent in the Swedish population. Geographic and host-related factors may modulate irAE severity and should inform risk-adapted toxicity surveillance.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLung NeoplasmsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleGreeceHumansImmunotherapyMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSwedenImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscross-national epidemiologyimmune-related adverse eventsimmunotherapynon-small cell lung cancerreal-world datatoxicity

Identifiers

PMID42638973
PMCPMC13500524

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