ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Deciphering the malignant synergy: metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic circuitry, and niche remodeling in osteosarcoma-macrophage crosstalk.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) prognosis remains stagnant due to the complex tumor microenvironment. This review deconstructs the "malignant synergy" between OS cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Beyond the traditional M1/M2 dichotomy, we highlight the functional heterogeneity of TAMs, tracking their evolution from resident defenders to pro-metastatic accomplices. We elucidate three critical mechanisms driving this domestication: (1) Metabolic Reprogramming, where OS cells enforce immunosuppression via amino acid and lipid hijacking; (2) Epigenetic Circuitry, involving m6A modifications and ceRNA networks that create self-reinforcing malignant loops; and (3) Niche Remodeling, where exosomal fusion proteins remotely condition the lung for metastasis. By synthesizing these mechanisms, we identify key vulnerabilities in immune evasion and chemoresistance, providing a rationale for therapies targeting this critical interaction.
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