ArticleFrontiers in tuberculosis2026
Genomic characterization of drug-resistant
Article in Frontiers in tuberculosis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data on resistance patterns in western Kenya remain limited. We evaluated resistant patterns of Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,053 archived MTBC isolates from 12 counties in western Kenya were analyzed. An enriched subset of 316 isolates was selected for WGS, of which 290 produced high-quality genomes. Genomic data were analyzed to determine lineage distribution and identify drug resistance mutations using WHO mutation catalogue. Results: Out of the 1,053 isolates, 127 (12%) showed resistance to at least one anti-TB drug. Isoniazid resistant-rifampicin susceptible (Hr-TB) isolates were the most common (52; 40%), followed by rifampicin-resistant (33;26%) and multidrug-resistant (23;18%). The predominance of Hr-TB is consistent with reports from Kenya and other high-burden settings. Enriched WGS subset identified resistance-associated mutations in 43/290 (14%) isolates, with similar resistance patterns. Rifampicin resistance was mainly associated with Conclusion: Western Kenya shows geographic DR-TB heterogeneity with predominant Hr-TB, which rifampicin-based diagnostics risk under-detection. Despite observed discordance, Integrating WGS with routine testing will strengthen surveillance, improve isoniazid resistance detection, and support appropriate treatment management in high-burden settings.
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