ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
A conserved VP1-286 epitope governs neutralization and immune escape in Coxsackievirus A6.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as a predominant pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) globally. However, the neutralizing epitopes that govern protective immunity, receptor-associated entry, and immune escape remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to identify potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CVA6 and characterize the critical epitope determinants involved in viral neutralization and adaptation. Methods: Neutralizing mAbs were generated using hybridoma technology and evaluated against representative CVA6 clinical isolates by Results: Two conformational neutralizing mAbs, 5A6 and 6D12, exhibited broad neutralizing activity against most tested CVA6 isolates. Both antibodies recognized conformational capsid epitopes and conferred dose-dependent protection Conclusion: This study identifies VP1-A286 as a conserved and functionally important neutralizing epitope determinant in CVA6. Neutralizing mAbs 5A6 and 6D12 recognize overlapping conformational epitopes centered on this residue and inhibit infection through coordinated interference with receptor-associated entry and capsid conformational dynamics. These findings provide new insight into CVA6 antigenicity and immune escape and support the development of structure-guided vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics against CVA6.
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