ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2026
Long-Term Outcomes in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Nationwide, Clinical Study in Denmark.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAutoimmune encephalitis is a rare disease associated with considerable morbidity in the acute phase of the disease. Nationwide cohort studies investigating long-term cognitive outcomes are rare. Furthermore, although bedside cognitive assessments are frequently used in clinical practice to evaluate patients with AE, there is currently no consensus on the optimal test for this purpose. Using the unique Danish centralized antibody testing setup, we identified an unselected, nationwide AE cohort. We then performed a comprehensive evaluation of long-term cognitive outcomes.
methodsAll adult patients with seropositive AE diagnosed in Denmark from 2009 to 2022 were identified and invited to participate in the study. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing and bedside cognitive testing (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE], Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination [ACE], and Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]). Fatigue, depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and quality of life were assessed using questionnaires.
resultsWe included 86 of 108 eligible patients. The median time from symptom onset to participation was 77 months (interquartile range 35/125). All patients with anti- DISCUSSION: Long-term cognitive impairment and fatigue were prevalent in AE, despite good functional outcomes as measured by the mRS. The MoCA correlated well with neuropsychological performance and could be the bedside test of choice if a neuropsychologist is not readily available.
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