ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Association of electrolyte concentrations with pH of blood and urine of cows with left-sided abomasal displacement.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundRuminants with left-sided abomasal displacement (LDA) often develop metabolic alkalosis and paradoxical aciduria. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo descriptively characterize electrolytes and acid-base variables in cows with LDA compared to healthy cows using the physicochemical (Stewart) approach, and to exploratively assess the influence of blood and urinary electrolytes on pH. ANIMALS: Twenty healthy dairy cows and 20 cows with LDA.
methodsRetrospective cross-sectional study. Electrolytes, pH, total protein (TP), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and glucose were measured in venous blood and urine. Base excess, anion gap, strong ion difference (SID), and strong ion gap (SIG) were calculated. Associations were evaluated using 2 stepwise forward multiple linear regression models.
resultsCows with LDA had significantly lower venous concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, and calcium (P = .0013, P = .0023, P < .001, P < .001, P < .001), higher BHB (P < .001), and higher blood pH (P = .003) compared to controls. Calculated SID3, SID4, SID5, and SIG did not differ significantly between groups (P = .2, P = .37, P = .40, P = .62). In urine, cows with LDA showed significantly lower concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+, and HCO₃- (P = .0007, P < .001, P < .001, P = .004, P < .001). Urinary SID3 and SID5 were also significantly lower (both P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Acid-base disturbances in cows with LDA can be interpreted using the physicochemical approach. Alterations in electrolyte concentrations contribute to changes in pH.
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