Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42636276›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

FPGA-based emulation framework for two-qubit quantum computation: Design, implementation, and validation.

Arfeen Zahra, Madiha Khalid, Naveed Riaz, Salman Waheed, Umar Mujahid, Muhammad Najam-Ul-Islam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Arfeen ZahraDepartment of Computing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Madiha KhalidDepartment of Computing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-7865
Naveed RiazDepartment of Computing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Salman WaheedDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Umar MujahidDepartment of Information Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States of America.
Muhammad Najam-Ul-IslamDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Namal University, Mianwali, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to perform complex computations efficiently, yet its practical implementation is hindered by hardware-software interdependence and quantum state instability. This paper advances lightweight FPGA-based quantum emulation by incorporating a universal quantum gate set, including parameterized Phase gates and the CNOT gate, to support comprehensive quantum protocol emulation on FPGA hardware. The FPGA platform used for synthesis is Artix-7. The proposed emulator is validated through simulations of quantum circuits, including Bell States, the Deutsch algorithm, Superdense coding, Grover's search, and BB84 QKD, with results benchmarked against IBM's noiseless quantum simulator. Utilizing FPGA's customizable parallelism and energy efficiency, this framework offers a resource-efficient, reliable platform for developing and testing quantum algorithms.

Indexed as

Quantum MechanicsQuantum TheoryAlgorithmsSoftware

Identifiers

PMID42636276
PMCPMC13502598

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.