ArticleCJEM2026
Impact of medical students and residents on emergency department productivity.
Article in CJEM, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesEvidence on the impact of learners on emergency department (ED) productivity remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the presence, number, and experience level of learners and the total number of patients treated per attending physician per shift (patients per shift) and per hour (patients per hour).
methodsThis observational, cohort study was conducted at the Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal. All attending physicians shifts from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were considered for inclusion. Shifts involving specific non-clinical objectives (i.e., ED coordination or trauma team leader), those ≤ 5 h long, or those with missing critical data were excluded. Linear mixed models were used to assess the independent associations between the number of learners, their experience level, and productivity outcomes.
resultsOf 11,851 shifts, 10,727 were included (no learner: n = 2,713; one learner: n = 7,001; two learners: n = 1,013). Patients per shift and per hour were independently associated with the number of learners (reference category: no learner; patients per shift: one learner = + 1.60 [95% CI 1.45-1.74]; two learners = + 3.03 [95% CI 2.79-3.26]; patients per hour: one learner = + 0.14 [95% CI 0.13-0.16]; two learners = + 0.26 [95% CI 0.24-0.29]). Significant differences were also observed across learner experience levels (reference category: no learner; patients per shift: medical students = + 0.63 [95% CI 0.44-0.81] to PGY5 residents = + 4.42 [95% CI 4.05-4.78]; patients per hour: medical students = + 0.04 [95% CI 0.02-0.06] to PGY5 residents = + 0.46 [95% CI 0.42-0.50]).
conclusionsThe presence of learners during ED shifts was associated with greater attending-physician productivity, including junior learners, with incremental gains as the number and level of learners increased. Aligning learner schedules with periods of high ED volume could maximize operational benefits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.