ReviewDie Ophthalmologie2026
[Botulinum toxin A in the ophthalmological practice: therapeutic and esthetic applications : Indications, prerequisites and procedure].
Review in Die Ophthalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin A has been an established therapeutic option in ophthalmology for decades. It is an effective and minimally invasive treatment option, particularly for functional disorders of the periocular muscles, such as benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. In addition, botulinum toxin A can be applied in selected strabological conditions and rare ophthalmological off-label indications. Later esthetic use for mimical wrinkles was developped. Prerequisites for a safe and effective use are a thorough evaluation of the indications, detailed knowledge of periocular anatomy, precise injection techniques and careful patient selection. This CME article provides a practical overview of the mechanisms of action, indications, injection techniques, adverse effects and legal aspects of treatment with botulinum toxin A relevant to daily ophthalmological practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42635782What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.