ArticleNeuroradiology2026
MRI follow-up of embolized intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas using 3D time-of-flight and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted GRE imaging.
Article in Neuroradiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the reference standard for post-treatment follow-up of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), it is an invasive procedure associated with procedural risks and may not be justified for the follow-up of all DAVFs. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 3D time-of-flight (3D TOF) and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted gradient-echo (3D T1 Gd) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for monitoring embolized intracranial DAVFs. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this retrospective single-center study, consecutive patients with embolized DAVFs between 2004 and 2023, who underwent MRI and arteriography during follow-up, were evaluated. 3D TOF sequence images were independently reviewed by two readers to assess treatment completeness. In cases of residual fistula, cortical venous drainage (CVD) was evaluated. Patency of the fistulous or proximal venous sinus was assessed on contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted GRE imaging. The median follow-up duration was 3.6 months (interquartile range [IQR], 3.0-8.4 months). Imaging findings were systematically compared with DSA as the reference standard.
resultsSeventy-six patients (mean age, 56 ± 12,8 years; 46 men) with 78 embolized DAVFs were included. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 3D TOF sequence for the detection of residual fistulas were 79% [54% - 94%], 93% [84% - 98%], 90% [81% - 95%], respectively. Inter-rater agreement was good (κ = 0.71; [0.52-0.90]). Intermodality agreement was good for the detection of residual fistulas (κ = 0.72; [0.54-0.90]) and moderate for the detection of cortical venous drainage (κ = 0.54; [0.22-0.85]). Additionally, agreement between 3D T1 Gd and DSA for assessing venous sinus patency was good (κ = 0.80; [0.58-1.00]).
conclusion3D TOF and contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted GRE imaging are effective non-invasive tools for the follow-up of embolized DAVFs. 3D TOF provides high diagnostic performance for excluding clinically significant residual fistulas, whereas small residual microshunts or low-flow fistulas may remain occult and still require DSA confirmation in selected cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42635758What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.