Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42635601›Full record

ArticleClinical linguistics & phonetics2026

Adapting computerised language sample analysis for Jamaican Creole-Jamaican English-speaking preschoolers: A pilot study.

Nicole B M Bazzocchi, Koubra Hassan Haggar, Kereisha Biggs, Jennifer Vannest, Karla N Washington

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nicole B M BazzocchiRehabilitation, Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Koubra Hassan HaggarRehabilitation, Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Kereisha BiggsRehabilitation, Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Jennifer VannestDepartment of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Karla N WashingtonRehabilitation, Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Funding

Characterizing Bilingual Speech Sound Production in Jamaican Creole and English-Speaking PreschoolersR21DC018170 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO · PI WASHINGTON, KARLA N · 2019 to 2020
$479k
NIDCD NIH HHS R21 DC018170
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This pilot study examines the feasibility of adapting the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) for Jamaican Creole-Jamaican English-speaking preschoolers. Standard SALT protocols, designed for monolingual English speakers, risk misrepresenting bilingual children's language skills by failing to account for cross-linguistic transfer. This study proposed a customised coding protocol to capture cross-linguistic transfer patterns and compared outcomes across typically developing (TD) children and those with developmental language disorder (DLD). Findings revealed that standard SALT coding significantly overestimated grammatical errors 20%-30% compared to the adapted protocol. While overall cross-linguistic transfer patterns did not differ between TD and DLD groups, differences in transfer types were observed. These results underscore the importance of culturally responsive adaptations to computerised language sample analysis and offer a framework for extending SALT to underrepresented bilingual populations. As such, this study highlights the diagnostic potential of adapted coding and the need for refined grammaticality norms in bilingual assessment.

Indexed as

computerised analysesculturally responsive assessmentLanguage sample analyseslinguistic diversity

Identifiers

PMID42635601
PMCPMC13574240

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.