ArticlePatient preference and adherence2026
Profiles of Self-Management Behaviors and Psychological Characteristics in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the heterogeneity in self-management behaviors and psychological characteristics among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to construct patient user profiles by integrating demographic and clinical characteristics, thereby providing a basis for developing personalized nursing strategies. Patients and Methods: A total of 273 patients with DR were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Wenzhou between March and August 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale, the Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease Scale, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the NEI VFQ-25 scale. K-means clustering was employed to identify potential subgroups, and statistical comparisons were made to examine demographic differences across clusters. Results: Three clusters were identified, forming three distinct user profiles: distressed dependent type, proactive pioneering type, and balanced transitional type. Significant differences were observed among the three profiles in education level, occupational status, place of residence, per capita monthly household income, diabetes treatment methods, diabetes duration, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, left eye intraocular pressure, and quality of life related to visual function. Conclusion: This study developed three patient profiles. In future clinical practice, healthcare professionals can rapidly identify patients with different risk characteristics based on these profiles and implement targeted, stratified interventions, thereby improving self-management ability, prognosis, and quality of life in patients with DR.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.