ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2026
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV Seroprevalence and Their Association with Dialysis Adequacy and Glycaemic Parameters in Haemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Somalia.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections disproportionately affect haemodialysis (HD) patients in sub-Saharan Africa, yet Somali data remain scarce. We aimed to determine HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV seroprevalence among HD patients in Mogadishu and to identify independent predictors of HBsAg seropositivity among measures of dialysis adequacy and glycaemic parameters. Methods: Single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study of 599 HD patients in Mogadishu, Somalia (June 2024-February 2026). Urea reduction ratio (URR) was calculated from pre- and post-dialysis urea. Bivariable comparisons used Mann-Whitney U, Fisher exact, and chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression assessed independent predictors of HBsAg positivity, adjusting for age, sex, fasting glucose, URR, and pre-dialysis creatinine (n=569 complete cases). Results: HBsAg positivity was 5.5% (33/599) and anti-HCV 2.3% (14/599); no patient was HIV-positive. HBsAg-positive patients were older, more frequently male, and had higher pre-dialysis urea, creatinine, URR, and fasting glucose (all p<0.05), with equivalent post-dialysis clearance; HbA1c, AST, and ALT did not differ. Anti-HBs titres were near-absent in HBsAg-positive patients (0.3 vs 26.3 IU/L; p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, older age (OR 1.023), male sex (OR 2.457), and higher URR (OR 1.031) independently predicted HBsAg positivity (AUROC 0.753); fasting glucose and creatinine were not independent after adjustment. With an events-per-variable ratio of 6.2, these findings are hypothesis-generating. Conclusion: Age, male sex, and URR not glycaemic or hepatic parameters independently predicted HBsAg positivity in this cohort. Near-absent anti-HBs titres indicate a critical vaccination gap, supporting universal hepatitis B screening, high-dose vaccination before dialysis initiation, and enhanced infection control in resource-limited settings.
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