ArticleScientific reports2026
Energy performance optimization of BIPV windows in dust-prone semi-arid climates.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dust accumulation remains a persistent constraint on the energy performance and durability of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) windows in semi-arid environments. This paper assesses a facade-scale system of enhancing the operation of BIPV glazing in dusty and high-irradiance climates by introducing interventions of secondary-layers with protective, optical, thermal, and anti-soiling capabilities. The Smart Health Tower has been chosen as a case study in Sulaymaniyah, and a digital workflow was created with Rhino, Grasshopper, Ladybug, and PVsyst to evaluate the current used system and an extended full-façade baseline. As-built upper-window BIPV installation was initially used in tool-to-reality validation with the simulated annual electricity production of 321,685 kWh/year against the reported 321,000 kWh/year with is a deviation of + 0.21. After validation, the model was then extended to a complete-facade BIPV system featuring an active photovoltaic area of 5,814.6 m². The established no-layer monocrystalline baseline generated 2,478,305 kWh/year and the retained annual improvement were: optical film layer 3.0%, anti-UV/anti-scratch layer 5.8%, modular design logic 6.0%, thermal-resistant layer 8.0%, and hydrophobic coating 13.0%. The LSC based concentrating layer had the greatest projected output, 3,543,974 kWh/year, which is equal to a 43.0% increase over the baseline. These findings show that the performance of BIPV windows in dusty semi-arid environments can be significantly enhanced by means of the design of the secondary-layer at the facade, rather than photovoltaic integration alone. Simultaneously, the research identifies that the baseline case was explicitly validated, but the secondary-layer cases were modelled as literature-based comparative projections, rather completely resolved optical-thermal models. In general, the research adds a facade-based approach to the methodology of improving the energy efficiency of BIPV windows in semi-arid urban environments prone to dust.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.