ArticleDysphagia2026
Changes in Perihyoid Muscle Strength Associated with Fixed and Progressive Resistance Exercise in Healthy Adults.
Article in Dysphagia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
The supra- and infrahyoid muscles, collectively referred to as the perihyoid musculature, contribute to hyolaryngeal excursion and pharyngoesophageal segment opening during swallowing. This study investigated whether fixed- and progressive-resistance chin tuck against resistance (CTAR) protocols improve perihyoid strength, measured using open-mouth maximum isometric pressure (OM-MIP), in healthy adults. Forty-two healthy adults were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: traditional fixed-resistance CTAR using an inflatable ball, fixed-resistance CTAR using a novel spring-loaded device, or progressive-resistance CTAR using the same novel device. Participants completed a six-week home-based training program. Perihyoid strength was quantified at baseline and post-intervention using the OM-MIP protocol with a handheld dynamometer. Adherence was tracked using a digital home exercise platform. All groups demonstrated statistically significant within-group improvements in OM-MIP. Median paired gains were observed in the traditional fixed-resistance group (+ 3.65 kgF), novel fixed-resistance group (+ 2.25 kgF), and progressive-resistance group (+ 3.20 kgF). Between-group comparisons of change scores were not statistically significant (p = .371), indicating that no single training approach resulted in superior OM-MIP gains. Adherence did not differ significantly across groups and did not significantly predict post-intervention OM-MIP when included as a covariate. Traditional fixed-resistance, novel fixed-resistance, and novel progressive-resistance CTAR protocols were associated with improved OM-MIP in healthy adults following six weeks of home-based training. These findings support the physiologic feasibility of CTAR-based perihyoid strengthening approaches but do not establish effects on swallowing biomechanics or functional swallowing outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize resistance progression, examine dose-response relationships, and determine whether gains in OM-MIP translate to clinically meaningful swallowing outcomes in dysphagic populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.