Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42633377›Full record

ArticleVeterinary and animal science2026

Risk factor assessment and molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in buffaloes in Bangladesh.

Enam Ahmed, Md Zulfekar Ali, Md Habibur Rahman, Supriya Ahmed, Md Abu Yousuf, Ovirup Bhushan Paul, Md Shahin Alam, Md Khalilur Rahman, Md Ashadul Alam, Gautam Kumar Deb

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Article in Veterinary and animal science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Enam AhmedResearch Farm, Support Service Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Md Zulfekar AliAnimal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Md Habibur RahmanAnimal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Supriya AhmedBiomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
Md Abu YousufAnimal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Ovirup Bhushan PaulBuffalo Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Md Shahin AlamTransboundary Animal Diseases Research center, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Md Khalilur RahmanDepartment of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
Md Ashadul AlamBuffalo Research and Development Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Gautam Kumar DebBuffalo Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals that causes substantial economic losses. FMD in buffaloes was neglected in the surveillance program, therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize the FMD virus (FMDV) and determine its associated risk factors in buffaloes in Bangladesh. A total of 150 tissue samples were purposively collected from 16 FMD-suspected buffalo farms, representing a study population of 501 buffaloes across three areas of Bangladesh. The samples were analyzed for FMDV and further tested for the serotypes (O, A, Asia 1) by RT-PCR test. The VP1 gene was sequenced and phylogenetic trees were studied. Epidemiological data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to identify outbreak-associated risk factors. Overall, 29.94% (150/501) FMD prevalence and three serotypes, include O (n = 19), A (n = 7), and Asia 1(n = 4), were identified by RT-PCR. The case fatality, attack, and mortality rates of buffalo calves were 32.91%, 63.2%, and 20.8%, respectively. Potential risk factors identified for FMD in buffaloes including age (calves; AOR:14.07, 95%CI:6.37-31.07), grazing with cattle (yes; AOR:19.09, 95%CI:4.49-81.18), deworming practices (No, AOR:8.71, 95%CI:2.20-34.51), isolation shed (No; AOR:5.82, 95%CI:1.41-23.95), and grazing area (bush; AOR:20.78, 95%CI:5.07-85.12). Phylogenetic analysis of serotype O revealed a 95% sequence similarity with recent isolates from Bhutan and Nepal, while serotype A exhibited a 99% similarity with isolates from India and Bangladesh. Therefore, implementing appropriate control strategies is essential for reducing risk factors and minimizes the occurrence and spread of FMD.

Indexed as

BangladeshBuffaloFMDPhylogenetic analysisRisk factorsRT-PCR

Identifiers

PMID42633377
PMCPMC13499477

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