ArticleJournal of multidisciplinary healthcare2026
Effect of an Educational Intervention on Operating Room Nurses' Caring Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quasi-Experimental Study.
Article in Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: During outbreaks of acute respiratory infections (eg, COVID-19), operating room nurses face heightened exposure risks due to aerosol-generating procedures. Adherence to evidence-based caring behaviors is critical for both patient and staff safety, yet structured educational interventions in this high-stakes setting remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a tailored, evidence-based education program on the caring behaviors of operating room nurses during such outbreaks. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 with operating room nurses from four military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants were allocated to intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups via convenience sampling. The intervention group received a structured, evidence-based education program focusing on infection prevention and patient safety protocols, delivered via a blended learning approach (asynchronous scientific posters and interactive webinars). Caring behaviors were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the validated Caring Behaviors of Operating Room Nurses Questionnaire (CBIONQ; 21 items, score range: 21-105). Data were analyzed using paired and independent Results: At baseline, no significant difference existed between groups (p = 0.208). Post-intervention, caring behavior scores in the intervention group significantly increased from 57.20 ± 5.41 to 74.22 ± 8.39 (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 2.77, 95% CI: 14.84 to 19.20), while the control group showed no significant change (55.65 ± 5.51 to 57.12 ± 6.39; p = 0.253, Cohen's d = 0.12). Domain-specific analyses revealed significant improvements across all five CBIONQ subscales (p < 0.001; Bonferroni-corrected α = 0.01), with the largest effect observed in the knowledge of surgical care domain (Cohen's d = 2.17). Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in self-reported caring behavior scores among operating room nurses following an evidence-based blended education program. However, given the quasi-experimental design, reliance on self-reported data, and absence of long-term follow-up, these findings should be interpreted as enhanced perceived competency rather than confirmed sustained behavioral change. Future research employing objective observational measures and delayed assessments is warranted to evaluate long-term sustainability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.