ArticleParasite epidemiology and control2026
Molecular evidence of
Article in Parasite epidemiology and control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: The German cockroach is a major urban pest and a persistent public health threat, largely due to its ability to rapidly develop resistance to commonly used insecticides. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide widely incorporated into bait formulations, is increasingly compromised by resistance in field populations. This study evaluated the susceptibility of four urban Results: Topical bioassays revealed substantial variation in susceptibility, with resistance ratios ranging from 1.77 to 13.35 across populations, indicating heterogeneous exposure histories and potential genetic differentiation. Sequencing of a 245-bp fragment of the Rdl gene revealed no occurrences of the well-known A302S mutation; however, the A299S and A301S mutations, previously linked to fipronil resistance, was detected in two populations exhibiting the highest levels of resistance. Haplotype reconstruction of 21 individuals identified 17 haplotypes, suggesting considerable genetic diversity that may reflect multiple evolutionary origins of Rdl variants and ongoing selective pressure. However, larger sample sizes would be required to confirm this pattern. Conclusion: Field populations of
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