Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42633190›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

Experience rates of current and future geothermal power technologies.

Florian Mueller, Bjarne Steffen, Tobias S Schmidt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Florian MuellerEnergy and Technology Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Bjarne SteffenEnergy and Technology Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Tobias S SchmidtEnergy and Technology Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Geothermal power generation could play an important role in future energy systems, provided it experiences strong cost reductions. However, unlike for other renewables, data on geothermal cost dynamics are sparse. We address this gap by estimating global and local (country-level) experience rates using a newly compiled dataset of all 514 plants built over seventy years, 206 of which have cost data. We estimate a negative global experience rate (-20%) with 97% confidence for hydrothermal systems, indicating rising global costs. On the country level, we observe both negative and positive experience rates. Explaining these patterns, based on 51 expert interviews, we identify six factors, including varying hydrogeology, regulatory density and variance, and knowledge spillovers. We further assess two emerging technologies: enhanced and closed-loop geothermal systems. While they may exhibit higher local experience rates than hydrothermal in suitable contexts, they are unlikely to exhibit rapid global cost declines similar to other renewables.

Indexed as

base loadenergy innovationexpert elicitationgeothermallearning curvelearning rate

Identifiers

PMID42633190
PMCPMC13499071

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.