ArticleSchizophrenia research. Cognition2026
Executive dysfunction and cognitive disorganization in schizophrenia: Case-control and cluster analyses of a Korean Wisconsin Card Sorting Test cohort.
Article in Schizophrenia research. Cognition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Executive dysfunction is a hallmark cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, yet phenotypic heterogeneity within the disorder complicates clinical translation. This study aimed to identify discrete executive profiles within a large Korean schizophrenia cohort using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and to evaluate their clinical and functional correlates. Method: We analyzed WCST performance in 276 individuals with schizophrenia and 361 healthy controls. A principal component analysis (PCA)-derived executive composite was validated against chart-reviewed clinical variables in a patient subset ( Results: Patients with schizophrenia exhibited severe, broad executive impairment compared to controls, particularly in total errors (Hedges' g = 2.268), categories achieved (g = 2.122), and conceptual-level responses (g = 1.751). Within the patient group, cluster analysis robustly identified three distinct executive profiles: mild/near-normal ( Conclusions: Executive dysfunction in schizophrenia is characterized by reproducible, clinically interpretable sub-profiles rather than a uniform deficit. Stratifying patients into mild, intermediate, and severe executive clusters provides a practical framework for neurocognitive heterogeneity, which may facilitate target selection for individualized cognitive remediation and functional rehabilitation strategies.
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